In a battery, chemical reactions are used to force electrons from the positive terminal and place them on the negative terminal. The glass rod gains an overall positive charge, and the silk gains an overall negative charge. If you rub a glass rod with silk, the electrons in the glass rod will be knocked off and collected on the silk. Some of the ways include chemical reactions, mechanical motion, light, and even heat. There are several ways to steal electrons from one object and give them to another. This phenomenon is often referred to as "static electricity." Depending on the types of objects and the amount of charge involved, the electric force may be enough to cause the objects to stick together. If you take electrons from one object and place them on another object, the first object will have an overall positive charge while the second will have an overall negative charge. A negatively charged ion will attract positively charged objects, and will repel other negatively charged objects. Since like charges repel and opposite charges attract, a positive ion will attract negatively charged objects, such as electrons or other ions, and will repel positively charged objects. Because ions have an overall electric charge, they can interact with other charged objects. When this happens, the two atoms are called ions. One atom will have an overall positive charge and the other will have an overall negative charge. Let's say we steal an electron from one atom and give the electron to another atom. This is an important fact that many people miss when they study electricity. The next time you pick something up, just think that whatever you are holding is literally filled with electric charge. In fact, if you take chemistry, you'll learn that the electric force is the very thing that holds matter together.
Electrical charges are everywhere, but we just can't sense them because they are in balance. The word overall is important, since the charges are still there, bouncing around inside the matter. The negative electrons balance out the positive protons, and the matter has no overall electrical charge. Most matter contains an equal number of protons and electrons. The same is true of two electrons, which push away from each other because of their equal negative charges. Two protons, however, move away from each other because of their equal electric charges. Since a proton and an electron have opposite electric charges, they are attracted to each other. Two objects with the same type of charge push away from each other, while two objects with opposite charges attract to each other. Protons are said to have a positive electric charge, while electrons have a negative electric charge. This behavior is caused by something called the electric force. The number of electrons in an electrically stable atom is always equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.Ī curious thing happens between protons and electrons: a proton and an electron are always attracted to one another, while a proton will repel other protons, and an electron will repel other electrons. Electrons (blue) surround the nucleus, forming an electron cloud. An atom consists of a tightly packed nucleus containing one or more protons (colored red in the picture), and usually an equal number of neutrons (gray). Everything is made of atoms, from rocks, to trees, to stars, to even yourself. On the left is a conceptual drawing of an atom. This tutorial is not as long and tedious as a college textbook, yet it contains more information than students are likely to find in an elementary schoolbook. This tutorial is a brief introduction to the concepts of charge, voltage, and current. Pengenalan Listrik dan Rangkaian Listrik Electricity Tutorial
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